History

In the 10th century the region surrounding Kars was an Armenian Kingdom, ruled by the Bagratid family. Subsequently, Kars was captured & destroyed per Seljuk Turks, by the Mongols in the 13th century, and by Timur (Tamerlane) in 1387. the bastion was heavy plenty to withstand a siege by Nadir Shah of Persia, in 1731, and within 1807 it successfully resisted a Russians. When the brave out defence it fell back in June 23, 1828 to the Russian general Count Ivan Paskevich, 11,000 men becoming prisoners of war. When you took a Crimean War the Turkish garrison, guided by General William Fenwick Williams and other foreign officers, saved a Russians treed in the period of a lengthy military blockade; however when the garrison got been devastated by cholera and food had perfectly failed, nothing was left however to capitulate in November of 1855. A fortress was again stormed per Russians in the Battle of Kars during the Russo-Turkish War, 1877-78 and on its guide was transferred to Russia by the Treaty of San Stefano.

Russia lost Kars, Ardahan and Batum by the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk on March 3, 1918. A Turks occupied Kars in April 25, 1918 and the Republic of Southwest Caucasus was established in a zone, but whenever the armistice of Mudros (October 1918) was established the Ottoman army withdrew to the frontiers of 1914. a British occupied Batum however a Ottomans refused to relinquish Kars; its armed forces governor constituted a provisionary government led by Fahrettin Pirioglu that claimed Turkish sovereignity on top Kars & the Turkish-speaking & Islamic neighboring regions to Batum & Gumru (Alexandropol). A area was occupied by Armenia in January 1919 but a pro-Turkish government was supported in a city of Kars until the arrival of the British troops, world health organizatiin dissolved it on April 19 1919, sending its leaders to Malta. Kars was given to Armenia together using Ardahan inside Could 1919. A Turkish-Armenian war of September-December/1920, & a fall of the Number one Republic resulted inside the pact of Alexandropol signed by the representatives of Armenia & Turkey in December Two 1920, in accordance using which Armenia was to give higher all the territories granted to her per accord of Sevres & to cede to Turkey all about 60 per cent of her prewar territory including Kars.

Resulting a Turkish War of Independence, Turkey signed the Treaty of Kars (October 23, 1921) with a Soviet Union where Turkey relinquished claims to Batum reciprocally for sovereignty all over Kars & Ardahan. a food and drug administration of Armenia to the present day, don't officially recognize the todays border. A borders every bit defined per accord of Kars, come far from either either been fair from a point of look at of Armenian nationalists numbers of of whom however assume a accord of Sevres when a basis for the guide of Turkish-Armenian conflict.

Kars Citadel

As a city at a juncture of Caucasian, Russian, and Turkish cultures, the buildings of Kars are around a kind of architectures. Kars Kalesi, a citadel atop a tableland overlooking Kars, appears to own been built by Ottoman Sultan Murad III during the war by using Persia, at the close of the 16th century. At a foot of the tableland is St. Arrack'elos Cathedral, or even a Church of the Apostles, now the museum. Built in the 10th century, it is the vaulted tetraconch atop a square base by owning quartet apsis. the drum of a dome features bas relief depictions of The Twelve Apostles & the dome itself is covered by a cone-shaped roof.

See Also
Armenian Genocide